Forces

A force can be thought of as a push or pull. Force has both magnitude and direction, therefore it is a vector.  When a force is applied to an object, the object is said to be under stress. Stress is the deforming force per area. Stress produces strain, the actual deformation. Stress and strain are related, so it is easy to determine one from the other if you know the value of proportionality, a constant value that relates strain to stress, of the substance that is being deformed. 
 
 
 

 What causes stress?