The blind are people who cannot see because their eyes are damaged.

A) BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLIND

:: The blind generally use a long white cane, which helps them to go around.

:: The blind should be guided through a building or town for the first visit. Then, they memorise the route and are able to go alone.

:: Only a small percentage of the blind have guide dogs.

:: Braille is a system of reading by touch in which the letters are printed as groups of six raised dots (like a domino) that the blind can feel with their fingers.

:: Moon is a system of reading by touch in which the letters are made of raised shapes, based on the standard alphabet. It is easier to learn than Braille.

 

B) ACCESSIBLE ENVIRONMENTS FOR THE BLIND

:: Recorded messages are appropriate for the blind.

:: Signals and signs should have large letters and numbers and raised letters and numbers as well as an adequate colour contrast.

:: Lifts should have buttons in braille and recorded messages.

:: Public telephones should be adapted for the blind.

:: Carpets are not desirable because they absorb the sound reflected up from walking surfaces.

:: Steps and stairs should not have open risers or protruding nosings.

:: Steps and stairs should always have an adequate double handrail on both sides.

:: Acoustic streetlights should always be preferred.

:: Urban furniture should not be placed in the middle of the way.

:: Public transport should have acoustic recorded messages to announce the stops.

:: Hazards such as projecting windows should be avoided.

:: Revolving doors should be avoided.

:: Warnings and alarms should have audible signals.